Blowpipe nozzle



E. J. w. EGGER ETAL BLOWPIPE NOZZLE Filed Jan. 14, 1939 Sept. 1,-1942.

. SMITH EDUA ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 1, 1942 BLOWPIPE NOZZLE Eduard J.W. Egger, Bellevue, Pa., Casimir V. Johanson, Cranford, N. J., and RayB. Smith, Pittsburgh, Pa., assignors to The Linde Air Products Company,a corporation of Ohio Application January 14, 1939, Serial No. 250,890

18 Claims.

This invention relates to blowpipes; particularly to blowpipe nozzles,the forward ends of which normally engage and are guided by a metalsurface being acted upon by the gas stream discharging from saidnozzles.

In certain metal-working operations, e. g., when deseaming steel billetsand the like, the work surface is preheated to the ignition temperatureand a relatively low-velocity large-volume oxidizing gas jet is appliedobliquely against successive portions of the metal surface so preheated,to remove metal from or deseam said surface. Nozzles employed for thispurpose usually include a relatively large diameter oxygen passageextending along or parallel with the axial center line of the nozzle,and a series of relatively small diameter preheating gas passagesparallel with the large oxygen passage or converging towards the forwardend of the nozzle, and usually, but not necessarily, spaced circumferentially about the large oxygen passage. The nozzle is held so thatits axis is oblique and makes a sharp angle with the surface of theworkpiece and the nozzle is guided by and pushed along the workpiece inthe direction of the issuing oxidizing gas stream, thus wearing away thefront periphery and the peripheral portions behind the front face of thenozzle body and exerting a rearward thrust against the latter. Suchguidance of the nozzle by contacting its end with the metal surface isespecially desirable when hand-operated deseaming blowpipes are movedalong the surface to be deseamed because the preheating and oxidizingjets may then be maintained in accurate positions with respect to thework surface during 'relative movement, irrespective of the surfacecontour of the work-thus uniform removal of metal along the surface canbe accomplished.

Rapid wear and deterioration will occur at the periphery of the nozzleadjacent but behind its front face when such periphery continuallyengages the surface of a workpiece to guide the nozzle while heldobliquely against the workpiece, especially during a deseaming or otherthermochemical operation, because of the intense heat adjacent thenozzle and in contact with the work.

An object of this invention is to provide a blowpipe nozzle ofeconomical construction having a peripheral portion surrounding andextending a substantial distance beyond the periphery of the nozzle bodywhich serves to accurately space the discharge end of the nozzle fromthe work surface, and which peripheral portion will resist abrasion,deformation and oxidation at extremely high temperatures.

Other objects of this invention include the provision of a blowpipenozzle having a peripheral work-contacting portion adjacent but behindits front face which peripheral portion extends a substantial distancebeyond the periphery of the nozzle body and comprises metal resistant toabrasion, deformation and oxidation at high temperatures;-the provisionof such a nozzle in which said work-contacting portion cooperates with ashoulder at the rear of the nozzle body for retaining a nut on saidnozzle body between said work-contacting portion and shoulder forcoupling said nozzle to a blowpipe; the provision of such a nozzle inwhich a layer of abrasive-resistant and oxidizing-resistant material isfirmly secured to the periphery of the nozzle, which nozzle is formedfrom metal having a substantially lower melting point than saidresistant material; the provision of such a nozzle in which a layer ofmetal resistant to oxidation and abrasion at high temperatures isdeposited on a ring of relatively inexpensive metal which is alsoresistant to oxidation at high temperatures-thus forming a compositecollar which latter is firmly but removably secured to the nozzle bodyby brazing; and the provision of such an improved nozzle the making ofwhich includes steps in the manufacture of the nozzle for preventing thecontamination, clogging, distortion, or in other wise objectionablyaffecting the gas passages in the nozzle during the brazing operation.

The above and other objects and novel features of the invention willbecome apparent from the following specification and the accompanyingdrawing, in which:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal central sectional view of a nozzle blank towhich the principles of this invention are applicable;

Fig. 2 is a plane view, partially. in section, showing a blowpipe nozzleto which the principles of this invention have been applied;

Fig. 3 is a front end elevation of the blowpipe nozzle shown in Fig. 2;

, Fig. 4 is.a view of the forward portion of a nozzle showing adifferent form of the invention; and

Fig. 5 is a view of a modified element of the invention.

In accordance with the invention there is provided a deseaming blowpipenozzle comprising an elongated body of metal, such as copper, havingogygen and combustible gas passages extending A longitudinallytherethrough, said passages having their outlets in the front face ofthe body which has a substantially, cylindrical outer surface; .and -aprotective metal collar permanently secured to the body and extendingaround the same behind but adjacent the front end face thereof. Thecollar comprises a metal ring which is relatively thick radially and hasa substantially greater outside diameter than the cylindrical surfaceof' the body adjoining the ring which consists throughout of metalhaving greater wear resistance than the metal of the body, an outercircumferential portion of the ring adjacent its periphery havinggreater wear resistance than the portion of the ring closer to the body.The ring is permanently secured to the body by means comprising arelatively thin layer of bonding metal united to and covering both theentire inner peripheral surface of the ring and the correspondingopposed outer surface portion of the body within the ring.

Referring to Fig. 2, the principles of the invention are shown asembodied in a deseaming nozzle N having a forward portion of reduceddiameter adapted to receive a collar C adjacent to but behind the frontface of the nozzle. The collar C preferably extends radially beyond theperiphery of the nozzle N and includes a ring R made from metal which isresistant to oxidation, cracking or spalling at high temperatures, suchas the nickelcopper alloys containing approximately'70 per cent nickeland percent copper-commonly known as Monel metal; or such a metal as thehigh chromium or chromiumnickel steels, usually containing 10 per centto 25 percent chromium. The collar C also may include a layer L of ametal alloy including percent to 90 percent of metal from the groupconsisting of chromium, molybdenum and tungsten,- the remainderprincipally comprising metal from the group consisting of iron, nickeland cobalt, which alloy, at high temperatures, is resistant to abrasion,deformation and oxidation.. The alloy L is deposited on and permanentlybonded to the outer periphery of the ring R.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the .blank from which nozzle N is formedcomprises a substan tially cylindrical and elongated body I 0 of metalsuch as copper. It is provided with a relatively large central passageH, which extends throughout the length of the nozzle for conveyingoxygen therethrough. The rear end of the tubular body In is providedwith a seat I! surrounding the entrance end of the passage II.

to which the nozzle .is adapted to be connected. Oxidizing gas isadapted to flow from the blowpipe head into the passage II, from whichit discharges onto the work being treated. A series of preheat orcombustible gas passages l3' are arranged in parallel relation about thehermetical seal with a complementary seat in the socket 'of the blowpipehead. A combustible gas, such as a mixture of oxygen and acetylene,

The seat I2 is adapted to form a hermetical seal with a com plementaryseat in a socket in the blowpipe head is fed to said gas-distributingchamber, thence gas mixture. discharges from'the outlets of saidpassagesin the front end face PM the nozzle N, to provide anannular row-ofpreheating;

An integral annular enlargement or'shoulder I1 is provided close to andforwardly ofthe seat l6, and is of such outer diameter. that itcooperates with an integral collar l8 located at the extreme rear end ofthe nozzle N to provide means for protecting the seats l2 and I6 whenthe nozzle N is dropped while it is separated from the blowpipe.

Referring to Fig. 2, the nozzle N is provided with a hollow coupling nutl9 having screw threads 20 adapted to cooperate with complementarythreads in the socketof the blowpipe head to which the nozzle is to besecured. The

nut is rotatable and slidable axially relatively. .to and upon theoutside surface of the nozzle N when coupling the nozzle to the blowpipehead, thus permitting any circumferential portion of the collar C to belocated in work-contacting position and thereby affording a longer lifefor the: nozzle, since the wear-resistant collar may then be adjusted sothat it wears off evenly throughout its circumference. While couplingthe nozzle to a blowpipe head, an end 2| of the nut bears against thesurface 22 of the shoulder l1. Furthermore, the abutments provided bythe collar C and the shoulder 1, being of greater outside diameters thanthe inside diameter of the nut, prevent removal of the nut l9 from'thenozzle but permit sliding and rotation of the nut relatively to thenozzle.

The layer of material L should preferably comprise metals such as alloysof cobalt, chromium, and tungsten, because metals in this class areresistant to both oxidation and abrasion at extremely high temperatures.These alloys are commonly known to the trade as "Stellite alloys. Theinvention, however, is .not limited to such specific alloys but coversall such materials capable of simultaneously withstanding abrasive wearand oxidation at a high temperature.

Alloys containing cobalt, chromium and tungsten are'extremely difilcultto work, and-casting is the only commercial method of making ringstherefrom. These cast rings are extremely brittle and will crack, spalland chip when subjected to substantial temperature variations, orimpacts due to handling unless an excellent bond of sufficient extent isformed between the alloy and the metal to which it is to be joined. Itis extremely difllcult and commercially impractical to form asatisfactory bond between such a cast alloy ring and copper in adeseaming nozzle. Consequently, if a cast ring of such alloy is soconnected by direct bonding to the forward end ofthe nozzle, it usuallyfails by cracking into segments which will separate from the forward endof the nozzle and leave the same unprotected.

It has been found that only. a relatively thin layer of a metal such asa Stellite alloy need be employed to adequately protect the nozzle.

However, the melting point ofsuch an alloy is much higher than that ofcopper, or the metal from which the nozzle N is made, which metal isnecessarily one of high heat conductivity in order to avoid localoverheating or burning. It

process, and if they did mix properly to form a bond, the differencebetween their melting points would cause a dilution of the alloy therebymaterially detracting from the resistant properties of the coating.Likewise, the melting temperature of such an alloy is so high that if itwere applied directly to the copper nozzle N, distortion as well asoxidation of the walls of the gas passages would occur therebydetrimentally affecting the size, alignment, and disposition of thesepassageswithin the nozzle.

It has been found that a thin layer of such an alloy L can be depositedin substantially unforward end of the nozzle N by an intermediate agencysuch as inexpensive steel.

Inasmuch as the temperature during-the deseaming or other metal-workingoperation is relatively high, any readily oxidizable metal'used dilutedcondition on, and homogeneously bonded within a suitable mould, and thealloy L in molten state may be fed to the channels 26', 21 where itunites or thermo-chemicalLv reacts with at least a portion of the thinweb 29 and forms an excellent bond with the metal of the ring B". Byvirtue of the rapid transfer of heat from the molten alloy L to, thecold extensive surface of the ring 'R" with which it contacts, the alloyL quickly freezes without an appreciable dilution of the molten metalwith the metal of ring R".

However, theint'erior of the mass of moltenmetal L dissolves or alloyswith at least a portion of the thin web 28, which newly formed alloyprovides a rigid bond between the alloy L and the metal of ring R".

In both instances where the rings R and'R" are independently formed,their external diameters are substantially larger than that which isultimately required, since it is desirable to provide relatively deepchannels within which to I cast or deposit the alloy-L. The compositecollars C, formed from the rings R and R" are for the ring R. will besubjected to scaling and burning by the oxidizing gas discharging fromthe end of the nozzle. Accordingly, ring R is preferably made from aninexpensive metal which is resistant to oxidation at high temperatures,such as Monel metal, or the chromium or chromium-nickel steels, usuallycontaining 10 percent to percent chromium. Furthermore, such metals havehigh strength; may be readily brazed or otherwise firmly united to thecopper nozzle body; will not crack when subjected to substantialtemperature variations; and the difficulties encountered by the crackingof thick collars of alloys containing cobalt, chromium and tungsten willbe avoided. Additionally, a relatively thin layer of the alloy L is lessapt to crack than a thick collar of such alloy, and even if cracksdevelop in the thin layer, they will be of no consequence since theentire layer is homogeneously bonded to the ring .R.

The composite collar C may be formed by fusion depositing a layer ofalloy L onto and covering the outer cylindrical surface of a, relativelylong stainless steel tube of the desired inside and outside diameters.This may be accomplished by using an oxy-acetylene flame to raise thetemperature of the tube tothe point where its external surface willsweat or become fluid superficially; and then fusion depositing, by thepuddling process, the alloy L onto such sweated surface.

so that a crest 24 is formed which, upon the rounding of shoulder 25 ofthe collar C, will directly engage the work during a metal-working"operation.

, Referring to Fig. 5, another form of the invention is disclosed,wherein a ring R" is made from a nickel-copper alloy. This collar isprovided with two channels, 26, 21 separated by a relatively thin web28. The cold ring B" may be placed I The tube so coated may then be cutperpendicular to its axis into then dressed by grinding their outerperipheries to provide the desired form.

The composite collar C is bronze welded to the forward end of'the nozzleN in a manner to protect the discharge ends of the gas passages withinsaid nozzle. Thus, referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the forward end of thetubular copper body l0 may be turned to a reduced diameter, as at 29, toprovide an annular outer surface adjacent but behind the face F and ashoulder 30 against which the annular metal collar 0 is adapted toabutthus the shoulder 30 resists the rearward thrust of the collar Cwhile the latter rubs along the surface of the workpiece. The integralextension 29 is of substantially greater length than the longitudinaldimension of the collar C and the ultimate internal diameter of thecollar C is slightly greater than the external diameter of the extension29 to provide 'a slight clearance therebetween. The collar C is set inplace around the extension 29 so that one side of the collar abutsagainst the shoulder 39, the collar having a substantially greateroutside diameter than the adjoining portion of the body Ill. Theextension 29 is covered with a flux prior to mounting the collar Cthereon, and upon assembly of the collar, a bronze fillet weld 3| isformed between its rear side and-outside of the copper body in. It hasbeen found that the formation of the weld 3| may be facilitated byemploying a phosphorus bronze welding material to start the same andcompleting weld 3| with ordinary bronze welding rod. During the weldingof the collar C to the body Ill, a portion of the weld metal -3l flowsby capillarity inwardly along and past the shoulder 30 and fills thespace between the extension 29 and the internal surface of the collar C,thus forming a rigid connection between the collar and the nozzle Nwhereby the nozzle body internally supports the collar at substantiallyevery part of the inner surface of the collar. The flux and weld metalmay flow along From the foregoing it is apparent that a nozzle has beenprovided which comprises a work-contacting peripheral portion adjacentbut behind the front face of the nozzle, which portion extends beyondthe periphery of the nozzle body, includes a layer of material which isresistant to wear, deformation and oxidation at high temperaturespermanently bonded thereto.

In deseaming operations, the blowpipe is so held that the longitudinalaxis of its nozzle is obliquely inclined at a sharp angle to the surfacestruction serves (1) to amply-protect all peripheral portions of thenozzle body which otherwise would deteriorate while engaging against ametal surface, and (2) to maintain the oxygen and preheating gas outletsa greater but predetermined distance away from such surface during themovement of the nozzle and its collar along and in engagement with saidsurface, thus achieving a more uniform efficient operation and lessclogging of the gas outlets.

Although the various features of the improved nozzle have been shown anddescribed in detail to fully disclose several embodiments of theinvention, it will be evident that numerous changes vmay be made in suchdetails, and certain features may be used without others withoutdeparting from the principles of the invention. I The method of makingblowpipe nozzles of the type disclosed herein is claimed in divisionalapplication Serial No. 386,634, filed .April 3, 1941.

What is claimed is: 1. A blowpipe nozzle adapted to be guided along andin contact with a work surface comprising, in combination, a nozzlebody; a metal ring secured behindbut adjacent to the front face of saidnozzle; and a layer of metal, which is resistant at high temperatures toabrasion;

deformation and oxidation, permanently. united to the periphery of saidring forming therewith a composit collar the periphery of which extendsoutwardly beyond the periphery of said nozzle body; in which said ringis made from high chromium steel.

2. A blowpipe nozzle adapted to be guided along and in contactwith awork surface comprising, in combination, a nozzle body; a metal ringsecured behind but adjacent to the front face of said nozzle; and alayer of metal, which is resistant at high temperatures to abrasion,deformation and oxidation, permanently united to the periphery of saidring forming therewith a composite collar the periphery of whichextendsoutwardly beyond the periphery of said nozzle body; in which saidring is made from high chromium steel, and said layer of wearresistantmetal is a. metal alloy including 35 percent to 90 percent of metal fromthe group consisting of chromium, molybdenum and tungsten, and theremainder principally comprising metal from the group consisting ofiron, nickel and cobalt.

a. A blowpipe n zzle adapted to be guided along and in contact with awork surface comprising in combination, a nozzle body; a metal ringsecured behind but adjacent to the front face of said nozzle; and alayer of metal, which is resistant at high temperatures to abrasion,deformation and oxidation, permanently united to the periphery of saidring forming therewith a composite collar the periphery of which extendsoutwalls, and comprising an alloy of cobalt, chromium and tungsten.

4. A blowpipe, nozzle adapted to be guided along and in contact with awork surface comprising, in combination, a nozzle body; a metalringsecured behind but adjacent to the front face of said nozzle; and alayer of metal, which is resistant at high temperatures to abrasion,

deformation and oxidation, permanently united to the periphery of saidring forming therewith a composite collar the periphery of which extendsoutwardly beyond the periphery of said nozzle body; in. which said ringis an alloy containing approximately '70 percent nickel and 30 percentcopper.

5. A blowpipe nozzle adapted to be guided along and in contact with awork surface comprising in combination, a nozzle body; a metal ringsecured behind but adjacent to the front face of said nozzle; and alayer of metal, which is resistant at high temperatures to abrasion,deformation and oxidation, permanently united to the periphery of saidring forming therewith a composite collarthe periphery of which extendsoutwardly beyond the periphery of said.

vided with web-like integral means rigidly bonded with said layer ofmetal on said peripheral surface.

7. A deseaming blowpipe nozzle comprising an elongated body of metal,such. as copper, having oxygen and combustible gas passage meansextending longitudinally therethrough, such passage means having outletmeans in the front end face of said body, said body having asubstantially cylindrical outer surface; and a protective metal collarpermanently secured to said body and extending around the same behindbut adjacent said front end face, said collar comprising a metal ringwhich is relatively thick radially and has a substantially greateroutside diameter than the cylindrical surface of said body adjoiningsaid ring, said ring consisting throughout. of metal having greater wearresistance than the metal of said body, an outer circumferential portionof said ring adjacent its periphery having greater wear resistance thanthe portion of said ring closer to said body, said ring beingpermanently secured to said body by means comprising a relatively thinlayer of bonding metal united to and substantially covering both theinner periphentire inner annular surface of said ring being contiguouswith said body, and bonding means firmly uniting said ring and saidcopper body substantially throughout their contiguous surfaces, wherebysaid ring remains united with said body even when subjected to thetemperature variations met with in deseaming.

9. A deseaming blowpipe nozzle as claimed by claim 8, in which said ringhas its entire outer annular surface substantially harder than thatunited to said copper body.

10. A deseaming blowpipe nozzle comprising an elongated body of metal,such as copper, having oxygen and combustible gas passage meansextending longitudinally therethrough, said passage means having outletmeans in the front end face of said body and said body having an annularouter surface adjacent but behind said face;

shoulder coextensive with that part of said annular outer surface whichis most remote from the front end face of said body, and said collarbears against said shoulder and has a greater outside diameter than theoutside diameter of said shoulder.

and an annular metal collar extending around said annular outer surfaceand permanently secured to said body, the construction of said body andsaid collar being such that said annular outer surface internallysupports said collar at substantially every part of the inner surface ofsaid collar, said collar having a considerably greater outside diameterthan that of the adjoining portion of said body and consisting of metalhaving greater wear resistance than the metal of said body.

11. A deseaming blowpipe nozzle as claimed in I claim 10, in which anouter peripheral portion of said collar consists of metal having agreater wear resistance than the portion of said collar directlyadjacent to said annular outer surface. 12. A deseaming blowpipe nozzleas claimed in claim 10, in which said collar is. permanently secured tosaid body by means comprising 'a relatively thin layer of bonding metalunited to and disposed between said annular outer surface of said bodyand said inner surface of said collar.

13. A deseaming blowpipe nozzle as claimed in claim 10, in which saidbody has an annular 14. A blowpipe nozzle protective collar comprising,in combination, a ring having an annular channel in its outer peripheralsurface, and an annular member filling said channel and integrallyunited with said ring, said member having an annular crest adapted toengage the work directly during a metal working operation of the nozzle.

15. A blowpipe nozzle protective collar as claimed by claim 14, whereinsaid ring is provided with an integral annular web in the bottom of saidchannel which is integrally united throughout with said member.

- 16. A blowpipe nozzle protective collar comprising, in combination, aring of a material weldable to copper, and an annular member integrallyunited with said ring, said member being of harder material than saidring and adapted to engage the work directly during a metal workingoperation of the nozzle, the width of said member approaching the widthof said ring.

1'7. An article of manufacture comprising, in combination, asubstantially cylindrical nozzle body of relatively soft metal havinggas passage means extending longitudinally therethrough, a collar ofrelatively hard metal permanently secured to and extending in itsentirety annularly around said body behind but adjacent the gasdischarge end of said body, a nut carried by said body, said nut beingrotatably and axially movable relatively to said body, said body havingan external annular shoulder spaced from said collar, both the outsidediameter of said collar and the outside diameter of said shoulder beinggreater than the inside diameter of said nut, and said nut beingdisposed between and limited in its longitudinal movement by said collarand said shoulder.

18. An article of manufacture as claimed by claim 17, in which saidnozzle body consists of copper and said metal collar consists of a metala ring surrounded by an annular integral layer of "Stellite alloy.

EDUARD J. W. EGGER. CASIMIR V. JOHANSON. RAY B. SMITH.

